Monday, Oct.2

Corrected Reteaching Activity sheet (double-sided) on overhead
Ch.16 Review (Answers below)
Started copying notes for Ch.17 Section I

Chapter 16 Review Answers

1. In the triangular trade, ships carried goods from Europe to Africa, trading the cargo for slaves. Then the ships sailed to the Americas. This middle leg of the voyage was called the middle passage. Ships unloaded their cargo in the Americas and returned to Europe carrying bullion or raw materials.
2. Mercantilism was a theory that the power of a nation depended on the wealth it controlled. A major source of wealth was bullion (gold and silver). Nations treid to amass bullion and maintain a favorable difference in value between a nation’s imports and exports.
3. A cartographer is a mapmaker. Cartographers working the 1500’s and 1600’s relied on information from discovery expeditions to make their maps.
4. Circumnavigation is a complete circling of the earth by ship. One of Magellan’s ships made the first circumnavigation of the world and proved that the world’s oceans were connected.
5. A conquistador, or conqueror, was a Spanish adventurer who traveled to the Americas for personal riches, glory, and to convert the inhabitants to Christianity.
6. An entrepreneur is an individual who raises capital, provides ideas for businesses, and takes risks to make a profit. In the 1600’s entrepreneurs invested in businesses connected with discovery voyages.
7. To raise capital for voyages, a joint-stock company was formed in which groups of investors pooled their money to pay the costs and limit the risks involved in overseas voyages.
8. The line of demarcation was an imaginary line drawn on a world map by the pope in 1493. It gave Spain control of the lands to the west of this line; Portugal, the lands to the east.

Reviewing Facts

1.How did Prince Henry the Navigator inspire early Portuguese expeditions along the west coast of Africa?
A: He set up a school for navigators, gathered scientists, and sent ships along the coast.

2. What improvements were incorporated in the European caravel?
A:The caravel used triangular sails, multiple masts, a stern-operated rudder, and a shallow draft that enabled it to go into inlets and to beach for repairs.

4. What European countries showed the biggest increase in business activity in the 1600’s?
A: Portugal, Spain,England, and the Netherlands

5. What was the middle passage like for enslaved Africans?
A: It was a psychological and physical ordeal in which captives were packed into the hold of a ship for a voyage across the Atlantic.

6. What was the chief difference between French and English aims for their colonies?
A: The French were interested in trade; England started settlements for raw materials.

7. What factors motivated European settlers who went to the Americas?
A: Settlers weremotivated by religious persectution, land and riches.

8. How did a joint-stock company enable small investors to profit from a major voyage?
A: They reduced the risk of individual investors.

Thinking Critically
3. How would the colonies have been different if Europeans had not used slave labour?
A: Possible answer: The colonies wouldhave been smaller and not as economically sucessful. Fewer Europeans would have gone there.
5. How did the influx of wealth from the colonies help bring about the Commercial Revolution?
A: Entrepreneurs needed banking services to help them transact business outside Europe.

6. What were the results of Magellan’s circumnavigation?
A: Magellan’s voyage led to further exploration of the Americas, provided information to cartographers, and proved the world was round.

Analyzing Concepts
2. How did European exploration and colonization affect changes in world populations?
A. Europeans brought diseases for which Native Americans had no immunities. Large populations of native peoples died from disease – others died in battle.
3. How did the Commercial Revolution encourage more voyages of exploration and colonization?
A: It was easier to finance such voyages and more people could profit from them.