Tuesday and Wednesday

Tuesday: Read Section 3 aloud and discussed
Wednesday: In-class Web Assignment in computer lab (all those who did not complete it will be responsible for completing the assignment for marks on their OWN time.
Tomorrow in class we will be discussing Section 4 notes and working on a review for Ch.20 Test which will be written on Friday.

Answers for Sections 2 & 3 Questions
Chapter 20 Section 2 Questions/Answers
1. Who was Charles II and where was he during Cromwell’s rule of England?
A: He was the son of Charles I – During Cromwell’s rule he fought for the royalists and then fled Europe and wandered from country to country.
2. Explain what is meant by the Restoration and what terms the king had to agree to.
A: It was the ‘restoring’ of a monarchy to England (Charles II) Terms: constitutional monarchy (king is not above the law); King must agree to Petition of Right and Magna Carta and other Parliamentary laws; Parliament would have some control implementing legislation (king would still have some power); Claredon Code – limiting university attendance, parliament, and religious services to Anglicans only.
3. Identify:
Cavalier Parliament: Parliament controlled by Royalists
Claredon Code: Law limiting university attendance, parliament, and religious services to Anglicans only.
Constitutional monarchy: King is not above the law

4. What documents make up the constitution of England?

A: Magna Carta, Petition of Right as well as other laws and customs.

5. Explain the reasons for a conflict over who would succeed Charles II and why this led to the attempt to pass the Exclusion Bill. How was the Bill actually defeated?

A: James II was Charles’ brother, but he was a practicing Catholic (Charles had no heir). People feared that there would be a revival of Catholic power. Exclusion Bill proposed to exclude James from the monarchy. Tories defeated the Bill by accepting the habeas corpus (person could not be imprisoned by a king without just cause). “Compromise”.

6. Who were the Whigs? The Tories?

A: England’s first political parties. Whigs were those that wanted to exclude James from the monarchy. Tories were those that defended the hereditary monarchy.

7&8 Parliament tolerated James II, despite his desire to restore absolute monarchy until what event? Explain how the Glorious Revolution occurred and who came to power.

A: The birth of James’ son (from second wife). Everyone was waiting patiently for James to die (Protestant daughter Mary would become ruler) but when his son was born (to be raised Catholic) it was clear he would inherit the throne. Whig and Tories united and invited Mary’s husband William of Orange (ruler of Netherlands) to invade England and take over the Crown. James fled (no support) William and Mary took the throne without bloodshed=Glorious Revolution (named this b/c it was peaceful).

9. Identify the following:
Bill of Right: King could not raise taxes or maintain an army without the consent of Parliament (could not suspend laws). Parliament should be held often, should be freedom of debate. Right to trial by jury, no cruel or unusual punishment, limited the amount of bail paid for a person awaiting trial. Right to appeal, speak freely in Parliament.
Act of Settlement: Parliament excluded any Catholic from inheriting the English throne (James tried unsuccessfully to recapture the Crown).
Act of Union: It united France and England into a new nation called “Great Britain”.

10. Was England a true democracy after the Glorious Revolution? Why or Why not?

A: No, although the monarchy did not have absolute power (Parliamentary influence was strong) and H of C members were elected, only male property owners could vote (250,000 people out of 6 million). 4 % of population. H of C members were not paid (made up of the wealthy and nobility, clergy).

11. Explain how the cabinet became a part of British government and how the office of prime minister emerged.

A: Anne (Hanover) was not skilled in politics -> sought guidance from a cabinet (advisers fr. H of C) A cabinet of Whigs and Tories fought therefore it became custom to pick a cabinet of members from the majority party. Anne was succeeded by George I – raised in Germany, spoke little English and relied on cabinet. Sir Robert Walpole (leader of Whigs) gained control of cabinet and advised King  eventually est. position of prime minister (chief exec. of a parliamentary gov’t)

Chapter 20 Section 3 Questions/Answers
1. What were some of the differences between the people of the 13 colonies in America and the people of Britain?
A: Colonists: common language and political background; many radicals (fled from Britain); no aristocracy – no real social classes (everyone was the same – hard workers); colonists used to governing themselves.
British: no radicals (those with political ideas re: liberty, universal suffrage etc.); aristocracy (social ranking); monarchy.
2. How did Britain view the role of the colonies? How and why did they regulate trade with the colonies?
A: Saw them as only valuable to the extent that they benefited British trade (mercantilist view). IE: Produce goods (raw materials mostly) and provide markets for British manufactured goods. They passed a series of Navigational Acts that required colonists to export certain products only to Britain or other British colonies and all goods going to the colonies had to pass through G.B where they were taxed before reaching the colonies. All goods going to the colonies had to be transported on ships made in G.B.
3. Why was a greater percentage of men able to vote in the colonies than in Britain?
A: Voting was still restricted to landowning males; however, it was much easier to acquire land in the colonies.
4. What important power did the colonial assemblies gain in the early 1700s?
A: They won the right to limit the salaries of governors and judges and withhold /reduce his salary if he did not do as colonists pleased.
5. How did the outcome of the French and Indian War affect Britain’s view of the American colonies? What was the purpose of the Royal Proclamation of 1763? The enforcement of the Navigation Acts?
A: Britain’s felt some resentment towards the colonies as the cost of the war was debilitating. The Royal Proclamation that said that colonists could not (for time being) settle in lands west of the Appalachians. Thought it would avoid wars with Native Americans until GB had the area under control.
6. Identify and explain the role of each of the following in the to demands for independence:
The Stamp Act: all print materials must be stamped to show that a tax had been paid to GB.
The Declaratory Acts: Gave the British Parliament the right to pass laws governing the colonies.
Boston Massacre: Clash between British and American troops – crowd in Boston harassed the British troops (snowballs and eggs)  gunfire= 5 Bostonians dead.
Boston Tea Party: Unrest in Boston  Brits repealed most of its taxes, but kept its tax on tea. Special law was passed to allow Brits to sell tea in the colonies w/out paying tax = they could in turn sell their tea at a cheaper price which hurt the colonial tea merchants. Bostonians were not happy  they dressed as Native Americans and dumped wooden chests of British tea into Boston Harbour (known as the Boston Tea Party).
Intolerable Acts: Punishment for the Boston Tea Party = Acts closed the harbor until the tea had been paid for and required the colonists to house and feed the British soldiers in their homes. Acts also reduced the colonists’ right of self-gov’t.
Quebec Act: Placed Canada and territories north of the Ohio River under a separate gov’t, thus closing the area to the colonists.
7. What was the reason for the First Continental Congress of 1775? What did the Congress conclude about the power of colonial legislatures? What did the Congress do with regard to trade with Britain.
A: The repressive measures of the Brits convinced the 13 colonies to form a union of resistance (meeting of colonial representatives to discuss grievances). They concluded that the colonials were entitled to make their own legislation (laws). They also recognized Parliament’s right to regulate trade and agreed that the colonies would not import goods from GB after Dec.1775 & after Sept.1775 not to send colonial goods to GB.
8. Why did the colonies begin to create a volunteer army in 1775?
A: They created volunteer armies b/c many colonists wanted to take more radical measures (battle) to rid themselves of GB’s control.